Happy Winter Break!!

Hello Students!  I hope that you are all staying warm and safe until it finally thaws out!  Maybe some of you even made it out of town.  The Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis Test will be moved to Friday, January 6, 2017.  When we come back to school on Wednesday, Jan 4, there will be some time to review, but we will also move on to Cell Division.  I recommend that you review the test topics a few times a week to keep it fresh.  Remember too that Winter Break can be a great time to read an Extra Credit biology book.  Due to the snow days, (the first semester has been extended a week).  What maybe not!  Stay tuned!

If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to contact me.  Enjoy your extended Winter Break!

Snow Day Update!!!

Hello Students!  I hope you are enjoying your snow day!!  The Metabolic Rate Lab assignment is in turnitin.com and should be turned in some time today.  Feel free to e-mail me questions, as some of you already have.  Also, I have uploaded the Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis Review onto the documents section.  We will take notes on the Calvin Cycle, Calvin's experiment and structure and function of mitochondria and chloroplasts on Monday.  Wednesday we will review the processes and play Kahoot.  Friday 12/16 will be the test.  Please read and review these topics so that you can get any of your questions answered on Monday and Wednesday.  It is a lot of material and requires multiple viewings to make sense, but it will eventually come together if you keep at it.

Also, I have dropped the Chromatography Lab for now.  It is required on the syllabus, but we don't have time for it now and will do it after Winter Break.

Stay warm and safe out there!
Ms. Kenny

Metabolic Rate Lab: due Thursday 12/8 through turnitin.com (can be turned in all day, doesn't have to be in class)

What do you need on this??

1. Question
2. Background (can include your initial observations when we did practice trials, background on why you chose the question, etc)
3. Data Table:  neat, labeled, titled, with units.  Only include the data you used (minimum of 20 individuals).  Using a random method for choosing your data is preferred where there are more than 10 available.
4. Calculations:  For each individual, calculate 2 means, 2 uncertainties, and % change.  For groups use the percentage change value and calculate 1 mean for each group, 1 standard deviation for each group, and a t-test BETWEEN the 2 groups.  Do a sample calculation for each type that you did.  You can use the statistics/critical value list I put on my website to help.  Look up critical value and compare t-value to critical value and interpret meaning.
5. Conclusion:  refer back to question, state conclusion using data (numbers) to back yourself up.  Refer to the means and t-test results and include meaning of the t-test.  Try to explain what your results mean in terms of science.
6. Evaluation:  Describe at least 3 sources of uncertainty or limitations in this lab, being specific.  Describe how each impacts the results, and suggest realistic improvements to the procedure (not, we needed more time!!).  You can present this section in a chart.

Dec 5-Dec 16

• Tues 12/6:  Check off 2.9 Questions and go over.  Notes on 8.3 Photosynthesis.  Quick chromatography lab.  Questions on Metabolic Rate Lab?
• Thurs 12/8:  Review Photosynthesis and go over structure and function of mitochondria and chloroplasts.  DBQ's in 8.3.  Turn in Metabolic Rate Lab today through turnitin.com
• Mon 12/12:  Review for Cell Resp and Photosynthesis.  Kahoot Review.
• Wed 12/14:  Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis Test.
• Fri 12/16:  Stages of Mitosis.  Onion Root Tips and Microscopes.  Read 1.6 on Cell Division.

November 21-Dec 2

• Mon 11/21:  Check off 2.8 questions and go over.  Notes on first 2 parts of Cell Respiration.   Read 127-129.  Do graph from Respirometer data on p. 127 and do tobacco hornworm DBQ's on p. 128.  Please read 8.2 over the week-end!!
• Mon 11/28:  Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain.  Check off 127+128 questions and go over.  Start Metabolic Rate Lab.
• Wed 11/30:  Take data for Metabolic Rate lab and enter into class database.  Summarize cell respiration.  Read 2.9 on photosynthesis.
• Fri 12/2:   Overview of photosynthesis.  Discuss data-processing for Metabolic Rate Lab. Metabolic Rate Lab due next Thursday, 12/8 through turnitin.com.   Do in notebook for Tuesday:  DBQ on p. 134, 2 Activities on p. 135, 1 Activity on p. 136, and 1 Activity on p. 137.

2.8 Questions

Please do these questions in your notebook after the Biochemistry Test.  Complete it as homework for Monday 11/21.

1. Define cell respiration.
2. What is ATP and what is its advantage for cells?  What is it used for in the cell?
3. Why do cells need a continual supply of ATP?
4. What is anaerobic respiration?  Where/when does it occur?
5. List the 2 summary equations for anaerobic respiration (animals, and yeast and plants).
6. Discuss bread making and bioethanol as examples of anaerobic respiration.
7. Do the data-based questions on p. 125.
8. Discuss anaerobic respiration in humans.
9. Write the equation for aerobic respiration and state its differences from anaerobic respiration (at least 3).

Class Activities from Tuesday, November 8th. Do these in your notebook. We will check them off next Tuesday 11/15

Making DNA and RNA Models with Beads

1. Using the beads make a double-helix with 10 complementary base pairs
2. Unzip the double helix.  Using one strand as a template, make an RNA strand (remember to use pink beads for ribose sugar)

Questions done in your notebook:

1. How are the bead models a good representation of the nucleic acids?
2. How do the bead models fall short?
3. Give 3 similarities and differences between DNA and RNA

Molecular Modeling Using Software (see my website for link)

1. Go to the Carbohydrates and look at:  glucose, galactose, sucrose, lactose.  Describe what you see for each.
2. Now look at glycogen, amylose and amylopectin (2 forms of starch), and cellulose.  Compare the structures.
3. Go to Amino Acids and look at 3 different amino acids.  Describe what you see.
4. Go to proteins and look at insulin, hemoglobin, and collagen.  Describe what you see.
5. Go to lipids and look at saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.  Describe what you see.
6. Look at triglycerides and phospholipids.  Describe them.
7. Go to nucleic acids and look at DNA.  Describe it.

The Weeks of 10/31-11/18

• Tues 11/1:  Finish checking off dbq's from 2.3 and go over.  Health risks of fats.  Notes on Amino Acids, Peptide Bonds, and Functions of Proteins.  Making clay models:  each group makes a named monosaccharide, a named amino acid, and either glycerol or a fatty acid.
• Thurs 11/3:  Finish notes on Proteins.  Link clay models together.  Notes on Nucleic Acids.  Read 2.6.
• Tues 11/8:  Structure of DNA and RNA.  Bead models for DNA and RNA.  Start reviewing for Biochemistry Test to be taken next Thursday 11/17.
• Wed/Thurs Parent/Teacher/Student Conferences.  I will not be there during the Morning Session of Thurs 11/10 because I will be conferencing with the teachers of my children.  Please accompany your parents to talk with me on any of the other sessions!
• Fri 11/11:  Veteran's Day.  No School.
• Tues 11/15:  Review for Biochemistry Test.
• Thurs 11/17:  Biochemistry Test.  Afterwards, do 2.8 questions in your notebook.  To be done by the beginning of class on Monday, November 21.

The Week of 10/24-10/28

• Mon 10/24:  Check off 2.1 Questions and go over.  Go over Amazing Properties of Water!  Water Olympics lab.  Do as many stations as possible.  Read 2.3 for Wednesday.
• Wed 10/26:  Finish Water Olympics and turn in.  More on properties of water.  Take notes on water vs methane (p. 71) and transport in blood plasma (pp. 72+73).  Draw chemical groups, ribose, glucose, a fatty acid, and an amino acid in your notebook (see. pp 65 and 66). Monosaccharides and condensation synthesis.  Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.  Different structures of polysaccharides.
• Fri 10/28:  Types of lipids.  Structure of triglycerides.  Types of fatty acids.  Health risks of fats.  BMI.  Data-based questions on pp. 79, 81, and 86.  Read 2.4 for Tuesday 11/1.

2.1 Questions. Started in class on Tuesday, October 18 and to be finished by the beginning of class of Monday, 10/24

To Be Done In Your Notebook:

1. What is molecular biology?
2. What discovery revolutionized the study of molecular biology?
3. What is vitalism?
4. Why was the synthesis of urea significant to the idea of vitalism?
5. What is special about carbon compounds and their bonding?
6. List the 4 types of carbon compounds that we will be studying and give a brief description of each.
7. Define metabolism.
8. Define anabolism and catabolism and give several examples of each that occur in our bodies.

When finished, read 2.2 about the amazing properties of water!!!

The Weeks of 3/10-3/21

• Tues 3/11:  Continue with the egg and remass the potatoes.  Active transport.  How it works and examples  of this type of membrane transport.  Data-based questions on pp 36-37, 39, and 42.  Designing osmosis experiments.
• Thurs 3/13:  Finish egg demo, complete lab worksheet and get checked off.  Check off data-based questions and go over.  Preventing osmosis in excised tissues and organs.  Hand out Review for Cell and Membrane Test to be taken next Thursday, 3/20.  (You might notice that we are skipping 1.5-1.6 for now.)
• Fri 3/14:  No School!  Statewide inservice!
• Tues 3/18:  Review for Cell and Membrane Test.  Kahoot game is available if you get a Kahoot account and then go to mokenny's quizzes.  Start Chapter 2.
• Thurs 3/20:  Cell and Membrane Test.  2.1 concepts and maybe 2.2 (amazing properties of water!)

October 3-7

• Mon 10/3  Viewing bacteria using an oil-immersion lens.  Cell Model grades back.  Work on finishing up microscope lab, due Wednesday (completed worksheet, completed drawings with a magnification drawing for each of 7 drawings).  Read 17-18 on electron microscopes and pp 33-37 on endo and exocytosis.  Read 1.4 in its entirety for homework.
• Wed 10/5:  Turn in Microscope Lab.  Bubble Lab!!  Watching paramecia digest food.  Notes on types of movement across membranes.
• Fri 10/7:  Osmosis demonstrations:  onion plasmolysis and dialysis tubing.  Start class potatoes and eggs.

The Weeks of 9/12-9/23 (updated on 9/20)

Ok, so I know we have already finished one of these weeks, but I'm going to put down what we did anyway:

• Tues 9/13:  Complete Statistics Packet and get it checked off.  Check off the Brine Shrimp worksheet with TI-84 activity on the back.  Start Cell Worksheet.  Discuss Extra Credit opportunities.
• Thur 9/15:  Statistics Quiz.  Work on Cell Worksheet, due next Monday 9/19.  Prokaryote versus Eukaryote Cells.  Cell parts.  Read 1.1 and 1.2 in your text book for homework.
• Mon 9/19:  Difference between plant and animal cells.  Check off Cell Worksheet and go over.  Introduce Cell Model Project.  Start plasma membranes.  Read 1.3.
• Wed 9/21: Early Dismissal Day.  A little on history of membrane models.  Data-based question on pp. 28-30 done in your notebook.  If time, functions of membrane proteins and cholesterol.  Draw a diagram of the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane.  Read "how to use a microscope" section of 1.1 (pp. 3-5) if not already.  Tell me your plan for your Cell Model Project.
• Fri 9/23:  Finish data-based question and membrane structure and get checked off.  Parts of a light microscope and how to use one.  Start microscope lab using cork slides, pond water, and onion skin.  Check in about cell model project due next Thursday 9/29.

Hey, What's On That Quiz? On Thursday 9/15?

Be Able to:

• Count sig. figs. and compute and round appropriately
• Use TI-84 to calculate standard deviation, t-test, mean, and n (number of stats)
• Figure out degrees of freedom, find critical value (using chart), and interpret meaning
• State meaning of standard deviation and ranges for 1 and 2 standard deviations
• Calculate uncertainty (high-low)/2
• Propagate uncertainty for adding/subtracting and multiplying/dividing
• Calculate number of organisms in a grid using values from several quadrats

Second Week of School!

• Wed 9/7:  Turn in Signed Safety and Academic Honesty Contracts if not already.  Go over propagating uncertainty through calculations and do numbers 21-25 on the worksheet.  Go over meaning of standard deviation and how to calculate it.   Characteristics of a good graph and how to make a good graph using LoggerPro.  Make a LoggerPro graph and get it initialed on your worksheet.  Pick up Statistics Packet and get through page 1.  Get Significant Figures and Uncertainty worksheet checked off.  Brine Shrimp Lab due Friday through turnitin.com.
• Fri 9/9:  Turn in Brine Shrimp Lab sometime today through turnitincom.  Make a histogram from the vole data.  Finish the statistics packet in class and turn it in.  Review what will be on the Statistics and Significant Figures quiz to be taken next Thursday 9/15 in class.  

Brine Shrimp Class Data

2%                                        3%
7.2                                         12.5
7.8                                         27.8
3.8                                         19.8
30.5                                       17.9

22                                          12
21                                           42.5
18                                           18
24                                           31

13                                          9.7
32                                          20
12                                          24
                                              8,2
                                              54

Brine Shrimp Lab: Due Friday 9/9 through turnitin.com

Please Use the Following Guidelines to Write Up Your Brine Shrimp Lab.

• Question:  Is there a significant difference in hatching rate between brine shrimp hatched with 2% salt water and 3% salt water?

• Using the class data, do a t-test between 2% and 3% salt water.  Use the equation and show your work!
• Determine the number of degrees of freedom and look up the critical value.  
• Compare the t-value to the critical value and interpret the meaning.
• Discuss the quality of the data.  Is it consistent?  Is there enough of it?  
• Discuss at least 3 sources of uncertainty in the lab, being as specific as possible.  Include in your discussion whether you think these are major sources of uncertainty or fairly minor.
• Suggest at least 3 specific ways to improve the quality of the data.  In this case, each source of uncertainty should have a suggestion for improvement.

Submit through turnitin.com by Friday 9/9 at 3:20 pm.

Class ID: 13420275

Password: brineshrimp

First Week of School!

• Mon 8/29:  Take roll, demonstrate early work, overview of Class Expectations (see Class Expectations in the Document section and read it), get textbooks, start Brine Shrimp Lab.
• Wed 8/31:  Hand out Safety and Academic Honesty Contracts.  Please sign them and get a parent or guardian to sign them by next Wednesday 9/7.  Calculate number of brine shrimp on the grid, showing your work.  Count number of live shrimp for 3-4 different samples.  Calculate number of hatched shrimp and calculate percent hatched.  Share this number with the class.  Use a TI-84 calculator to do the TI-84 activity on the back of the Brine Shrimp lab handout.  Start working on the Significant Figures and Uncertainty worksheet.
• Fri 9/2: Notes on counting and calculating with significant figures.  Calculating mean and uncertainty.  Do all of the worksheet except 21-25 for now.  We will go over those later.   Meaning of t-test.  Do a t-test on the class data to determine if there was a significant different in hatching percentage between shrimp placed in 2% versus 3% solution.  Brine Shrimp write-up (directions to come later) submitted by next Friday 9/9 through turnitin.com

Welcome to IB Biology Higher Level 2016-2017!!!

Welcome back to the 2016-2017 School Year!  This will be the website for your IB Biology class for the next 2 years.  If you look through old entries you can see what classes before you have done.  This will be a good place to go to get class assignments, class resources, and just to keep yourself informed about the class.  When you miss class, come here first to see what we did in class and to find out if there is anything you can do from home.  After that, if you still have questions, you can e-mail me:  mkenny@pps.net

I look forward to meeting you and spending the next 2 years learning biology!  We will cover the following topics during the first year:

First Semester

Introduction to Course, Statistics, and Measuring

Cells and Membranes

Biochemistry:  Macromolecules

Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis

Cell Division:  Mitosis and Meiosis

Genetics

Second Semester

Replication, Transcription, Translation

Enzymes

Biotechnology

Plants

Ecology (maybe get it started)

Kahoot Information

So apparently you CAN access my Kahoot quizzes.  All you have to do is sign up for Kahoot and then search under my username, which is mokenny.  My quizzes are all public, so you should be able to access them.  Let me know how it works.  Do you see all the questions and answers?  Can you play it as a quiz?  Thanks to students in 8th period for helping to figure this out!!

Preparing for Paper 3 (test on Fri 4/15)

• First part has some random questions about labs and a data-based question
• Second part is good coverage of the 6 sections of Chapter A, mostly short questions (1-3 pts), but one longer question
• One of the animals studied today is on there
• You have to describe functioning of either the human eye or the human ear
• Get here on time on Friday!  You may want to have all your time.  If you are stuck, move on!!!

Eye Dissection Make-Up

Watch video on Cow Eye Dissection and describe structure and function for the following:

1) Cornea
2)  Lens
3)  Iris
4)  Retina
5)  Sclera
6)  Choroid
7)  Optic Nerve
8)  Vitreous Humor

2 weeks after Spring Break (edited)

• Tuesday 3/29:  Neural development:  growth of neurons, synapses, pruning, plasticity, strokes.  Parts of the brain and their functions.  Brain research.  The pupil reflex.  Brain part worksheet.  Read A1 and A2.
• Thursday 3/31:  More on brain function.  Perception of stimuli:  olfactory, the human ear, and the human eye.  Read A3.
• Monday 4/4:  Dissect cow eyes.  Innate and learned behavior.  Reflex arcs, bird song, reflex conditioning.  Read A4.
• Wed 4/6:  Excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.  Psychoactive drugs, anaesthetics, drug testing, and drug addiction.  Read A5 and A6.  Study Ethology over the week-end!!  Paper 3 will be on Wed 4/13.
• Mon 4/11:   Many examples of animal behavior!   Great tit, salmon breeding, synchronized oestrus, blackcap migration, vampire bats, shore crabs, birds of paradise, blue tits.
• Wed 4/13:   Review!!  Review for both Paper 3 and general material.
• Fri 4/15:  Paper 3.  We will take Paper 2 on Tuesday 4/19 and Thursday 4/21
• Tues 4/19:  Paper 2 Part A!  There is a large data-based question and several questions each from 3 topics from the syllabus.
• Thurs 4/21:  Paper 2 Part B. Pick 2 sets of 3 questions out of a choice of 3 sets of 3 questions.  Write everything you know that addresses the question.  You get points for things that you say that match up with the answers on the markscheme.  You do not get marked down for incorrect information, but you do get minimal extra points for writing clearly.
• Mon 4/25:  Take Paper 1 and go over Paper 3.  Paper 1 is 40 multiple choice questions across the whole syllabus.
• Wed 4/27:  Go over Papers 2 and 3.  More review
• Fri 4/29:  Some people are taking the Astronomy Test, but the rest of us will review.

Nerve Notes from 6.5 (start on Monday 3/14 and continue after test 3/16).

1. What 2 systems of the body are used for internal communication?
2. What does a neuron do and about how many does the human body have?
3. Draw and annotate a diagram of a neuron with dendrites, cell body, axon, and motor end plates.
4. Describe how a cell gets a myelin sheath, and explain what it does to the rate of conduction (include nodes of Ranvier).
5. Explain how neurons generate a resting potential and state what the typical resting potential is in millivolts (mV).
6. Outline the process by which a neuron becomes depolarized (give a value too) and then repolarized.
7. How is an action potential propagated along the axon of a neuron?
8. What is a synapse?
9. List the steps involved in a synaptic transmission.
10. Outline the secretion and reabsorption of acetylcholine by neurons at synapses.
11. What do neonicotinoids do and why have they been in the news around here when it comes to bees?

6.6 Notes to do after Movement/Kidney Test

1. What is a hormone?
2. What does it mean to be in homeostasis?  What are some substances/quantities that need to be kept in homeostasis in your body?
3. Insulin and glucagon:  from where are they secreted?  how do they control blood sugar levels?
4. What are the causes and treatments of type I and type II diabetes?
5. Thyroxin:  from where is it secreted?  what is unique about the molecule?  what does it control?  what are signs of hypothyroidism?
6. Leptin:  from where is it secreted?  what does it act on? what does it control? what does it have to do with obesity?  (read the research!)
7. Melatonin:  from where is it secreted?  what does it control? how is it controlled?  How can it be used to treat jet lag?

2/29-3/18

The Final Push Before Spring Break!!  We will do a unit on hormones and reproduction and start on the structure and function of neurons and synapses.  We will also continue to review topics from last year during FLEX on Thursdays!

• Mon 2/29:  Finish checking off Kidney Coloring.  Review and wrap-up kidney material.  Review for Movement and Kidney short test on Wednesday.  We will play a Kahoot game of multiple choice and go over the big topics that can't be reviewed through multiple choice.  Start on Hormones and Homeostasis.
• Wed 3/2:  Take Movement and Kidney Test.  Go over 5 hormones:  insulin, glucagon, thyroxin, leptin, and melatonin.  Start human reproduction.  Start reading 6.6.
• Fri 3/4:  Sex determination in males and females.  Male and female reproductive anatomy.  The human menstrual cycle. Reproductive system coloring sheet, due Tuesday 3/8.Finish reading 6.6.
• Tues 3/8:  Review the human menstrual cycle.  In Vitro Fertilization.  Spermatogenesis and oogenesis.  Fertilization.  Start reading 11.4.
• Thurs 3/10:  Implantation.  Structure of the placenta.  A little bit on birth.  Finish reading 11.4.  Hand out review for hormone and reproduction test next Wed 3/16.
• Mon 3/14:  Review hormone and reproduction topics for test on Wednesday.  Start neurons?
• Wed 3/16:  Reproduction Test!  Start neurons.  Start reading 6.5.
• Fri 3/18:  Nerve impulses and synapses.  Finish reading 6.5 and please read Option A on Neurobiology and Behavior over Spring Break!!

Required IB Form for Group 4

All of you need to fill this out and submit it to the appropriate turnitin.com class (see below)

• The form is found here:  https://sites.google.com/a/apps4pps.net/lhsibcore/
• Go to the link "Forms"
• You cannot use Google Chrome to save entries into the form
• Use Adobe Reader to open, complete, and save the form.
• Save your form with this file name format:  last name_group 4 form.pdf (for example:  Wadkins_group 4 form.pdf)
• Submit your form to turnitin.com:
• Class ID-12014069
• Enrollment Password:  Scienceisfun
• Deadline:  As soon as you can, but flexible.  I will continue to remind you.

Instructions:

School Number:  000517

Session:   May 2016

Biology  HL

Session # is your personal number, you may ask your teach

Title for Group 4:  A study of sustainability and livability in Portland.
Title for your Individual IA:  Be specific

What's on Muscle and Kidney Short Test on Wednesday 3/2?

• Concept of antagonistic muscle pairs (where are some?)
• Types of joints (hinge, ball-and-socket, pivot)
• Be able to label a human elbow joint (bones, muscles, ligaments, cartilage, etc) and know the functions of the parts
• Be able to label a muscle fibre and understand what makes them unique
• Be able to draw and label a sarcomere
• Describe the steps involved in a muscle contraction (role of ATP, calcium ions, troponin and tropomyosin, power stroke, cross-bridge, etc)
• Know the functions of the human kidney and be able to describe the Malpighian tubule system
• Draw and label a human kidney (6 parts)
• Be able to annotate a diagram of a nephron and glomerulus
• Be able to describe how the composition of blood in the renal artery is different from the blood in the renal vein
• Be able to describe how the ultrastructure of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule facilitate ultrafiltration (think about pressure, fenestrated capillaries, basement membrane composition, and podocytes)
• Outline what happens at the proximal convoluted tubule
• Outline what happens during the loop of Henle and understand its ultimate purpose (to maintain a salty--or hypertonic-- medulla!!!)
• Know that there is a positive correlation between the length of the loop of Henle and the need for water conservation in animals
• Understand how ADH controls reabsorption of water in the collecting duct
• Give examples of how the nitrogenous waste in animals is correlated with evolution and habitat
• Applications: consequences of dehydration and overhydration, treatment of kidney failure by hemodialysis or kidney transplant, blood cells, glucose, proteins, and drugs can all be detected in urinary tests

11.2 Movement Notes

After the Immunology Quiz on Friday, please do the following in your notes:  The IB book is helpful and also the video link on the sliding filament model.

1. Explain how bones and exoskeletons provide anchorage for muscles and act as levers.  (look at diagrams on p. 477).
2. Explain the concept of antagonistic muscle pairs and give an example with humans and with insects.
3. Examine the diagram of the human elbow joint on p. 478.  Then, list the structure and function of  a)  cartilage     b)  synovial fluid      c)  joint capsule
4. Distinguish between a hinge joint and a ball and socket joint, giving an example of each in humans.
5. What are the 3 types of muscles?  Why are skeletal muscles called striated?
6. Look at the diagram of a muscle fibre on p. 480 and attempt to draw it in your notes, labeling the important parts:  sarcolemma, nuclei, myofibrils, and sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
7. Draw a diagram of a sarcomere and label:  actin, myosin, z-line, light band, and dark band.  
8. Describe the process of muscle contraction (p. 482)
9. Now, list the steps of controlling a muscle contraction.  Start with signal from motor neuron to muscle fibre, then sarcoplasmic reticulum releases _________, and continue through the process listed in the diagram on p. 483.

Passion for Sustainability Make-Up

If you missed this video when we watched it last Thursday 2/4, here are the instructions for how to make it up.  Answer the questions on the Passion for Sustainability worksheet as you watch the video that is linked on my website, but you don't have to watch the whole thing!

Start at about 14:20, where they explain the four steps of the Natural Step.
Then skip to about 22:45 and watch the clips on Terraclean, Hawthorne Auto, and Hot Lips.
Then skip to about 34:41 and watch the clips on Tualatin Valley Water District and the Joinery.

On the back of the worksheet you answer general questions about the video and what it could mean for Portland's future.  Do research on sustainability from a couple of different countries for the last question.

What's On Friday's Immunology Quiz?

• 10 Multiple Choice Questions
• 2-3 Short Answer Questions, but you will have 4-5 to choose from
• 1 Longer Question where you outline the process of acquired immunity (start with macrophage "eats" pathogen, then presents antigen on the outside using MHC protein, etc.)
• Pick Discussion Question.  Explain scientific concepts and social/ethical issues on the topic of either vaccination or HIV/AIDS.

General Topics:

• Process of blood clotting
• Specific and Nonspecific Defense Systems (includes barrier defenses, phagocytes, and lymphocytes (B and T cells).
• Be able to outline the process of an acquired immune response (look at the big diagram explaining it!) using appropriate vocabulary.
• Be able to describe what makes HIV unique and what it does to the immune system.  Know how it is transmitted and how it is NOT transmitted.
• Use of antibiotics and antibiotic resistant bacteria.  Make sure you understand why antibiotics do not work on viruses
• Outline the principles of vaccination and how a vaccine works to give an acquired response to a dangerous pathogen.
• Distinguish between active immunity and passive immunity.
• Outline the process of making monoclonal antibodies and what they can be used for.
• Antigens on red blood cells stimulate antibody production in a person with a different blood type.
• (Histamines are released by white blood cells and cause allergic symptoms.)
• (Pathogens can be species-specific or cross species boundaries)

Welcome to Second Semester Senior Year (for most of you :) )

Remember that you have an important Internal Assessment to finish in the next 2 weeks.  We will also be moving quickly through the next several units.  Pay attention so that you can keep up with the reading and the quizzes.  They will come fast and furiously!  Also, if you are an IB Science tester this year and you have not yet done the Group IV Project, you need to reserve Monday, February 8th for that purpose.  I will give you a Field Trip form to get signed so that you can get excused from your classes.  It is REQUIRED that you do this as part of IB sciences.

• Wed 1/27:  Final Exams back and recollect.  Blood components, blood clotting, and barrier defenses.  Nonspecific and specific immunity.  Read 6.3 from the IB text.  It is uploaded on this website.
• Fri 1/29:  The history of HIV and AIDS.  Transmission of HIV.  Antibiotic resistance.  Penicillin and drug testing.
• Tues 2/2:  More on the specific immune response.  Vaccination.  Rough draft of IA due for Peer Review on Wed 2/10.  Read 11.1 from IB Text book.
• Thurs 2/4:    More on vaccination and vaccination effectiveness.  Data-based questions.  Histamines. Group IV prep video called "Passion for Sustainability".  Complete the hand-out.
• Mon 2/8:  Group IV Project.  Participants meet at the Tiffany Center at 8:10 to engage in this all-day activity.  Nonparticipants will work on their internal assessments.
• Wed 2/10:  Peer Review of Internal Assessment.  Overview of Immunology.  Immunology Quiz on Friday 2/12.
• Fri 2/12:  Immunology Quiz.  Start muscles and movement.  Muscle structure.  Read 11.2 from IB Text.
• Mon 2/15:  No School for President's Day.
• Wed 2/17:   Make bacterial plates with antibiotic disks.  Sliding filament model for muscle action. 
• Fri 2/19:  Internal Assessment due:  hard-copy, turnitin.com, and rough draft with Peer Evaluation.  Dissect chicken wings to reinforce elbow joint structure.  Measure antibiotic zones of inhibition.  Kidney structure.  Read 11.3 from IB Text.
• Tues 2/23:  Structure and action of the nephron of the kidney.
• Thurs 2/25:  Review muscles and movement and the kidney.  Kidney dance simulation.  Quiz on both next Wednesday, 3/2.

Welcome to 2016!!

Welcome back to school!  Remember that we are going to be busy taking data for your Internal Assessments for the first couple weeks back.  Finals start on Wednesday 1/20.  There is a First Semester Review Sheet under Documents to help you get started on review.  For your Internal Assessment, make sure that you do a thorough background (research!! with citations) and that you pay attention as you take data.  Write down everything that you do and take extra care to control variables.

• Monday 1/4:  Snow Day!!
• Wed 1/6:  Quick review of respiration.  Point out Semester Review.  Get organized for data-taking!  Make sure that you are working methodically and not just "winging it".  You may ask me questions, but make sure that you check other resources first.  Ultimately you are responsible for the carrying out of your lab.  
• Fri 1/8:  Data-taking and review.
• Tues 1/12:  Data-taking and review.
• Thurs 1/14:  Data-taking and review.   This is your last day to meet for Book Groups (during FLEX).
• Mon 1/17:  No School.  MLK Day.
• Tues 1/18:  Final Review.
• Wed-Fri 1/19-1/21:  Final Exams.