11.3 The kidney
11.3.1 Define excretion.
11.3.2 Draw and label a diagram of the kidney.
11.3.3 Annotate a diagram of a glomerulus and associated nephron to show the function of each part.
11.3.4 Explain the process of ultrafiltration, including blood pressure, fenestrated blood capillaries and basement membrane.
11.3.5 Define osmoregulation.
11.3.6 Explain the reabsorption of glucose, water and salts in the proximal convoluted tubule, including the roles of microvilli, osmosis and active transport.
11.3.7 Explain the roles of the loop of Henle, medulla, collecting duct and ADH (vasopressin) in maintaining the water balance of the blood.
11.3.8 Explain the differences in the concentration of proteins, glucose and urea between blood plasma, glomerular filtrate and urine.
11.3.9 Explain the presence of glucose in the urine of untreated diabetic patients.
Monday, February 24, 2014
Friday, February 21, 2014
Update for the Weeks of 2/17-2/28
- Fri 2/21: Some notes on the human kidney. Watch "Crash Course Excretion Video". Kidney simulation on computers. Color Kidney (1st side) and Nephrons and other small parts (2nd side). Read 44.3-44.5.
- Mon 2/24: Functioning of a nephron. Review Cell Topics for Quiz on Wednesday. Finish coloring kidney.
- Wed 2/26: Short Quiz on Cells (topics in previous post, emphasis on eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells, and membranes). Kidney Simulation with your group. Practice and then demonstrate to Ms. Kenny. Review Kidney for Quiz on Friday.
- Fri 2/28: Kidney Quiz (not a "test", but longer than the cell review quiz on Wednesday). Start homeostasis and nerves by working on Nerves, Homeostasis, and Hormones Worksheet. Do Nerve Impulse Computer Simulation. Guess what? We are having another quiz on nerves and hormones next Friday! I know, it's a lot of short assessments.
Cell Review Topics (for Short Quiz on Wed 2/26)
2.1 Cell theory
2.1.1 Outline the cell theory.
2.1.2 Discuss the evidence for the cell theory.
2.1.3 State that unicellular organisms carry out all the functions of life.
2.1.4 Compare the relative sizes of molecules, cell membrane thickness, viruses, bacteria, organelles and cells, using the appropriate SI unit.
2.1.5 Calculate the linear magnification of drawings and the actual size of specimens in images of known magnification.
2.1.6 Explain the importance of the surface area to volume ratio as a factor limiting cell size.
2.1.7 State that multicellular organisms show emergent properties.
2.1.8 Explain that cells in multicellular organisms differentiate to carry out specialized functions by expressing some of their genes but not others.
2.1.9 State that stem cells retain the capacity to divide and have the ability to differentiate along different pathways.
2.2 Prokaryotic cells
2.2.1 Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as an example of a prokaryote.
2.2.2 Annotate the diagram from 2.2.1 with the functions of each named structure.
2.2.3 Identify structures from 2.2.1 in electron micrographs of E. coli.
2.2.4 State that prokaryotic cells divide by binary fission.
2.3 Eukaryotic cells
2.3.1 Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of a liver cell as an example of an
animal cell.
2.3.2 Annotate the diagram from 2.3.1 with the functions of each named structure.
2.3.3 Identify structures from 2.3.1 in electron micrographs of liver cells.
2.3.4 Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
2.3.5 State three differences between plant and animal cells.
2.3.6 Outline two roles of extracellular components.
2.4 Membranes
2.4.1 Draw and label a diagram to show the structure of membranes.
2.4.2 Explain how the hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties of phospholipids help
to maintain the structure of cell membranes.
2.4.3 List the functions of membrane proteins.
2.4.4 Define diffusion and osmosis.
2.4.5 Explain passive transport across membranes by simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
2.4.6 Explain the role of protein pumps and ATP in active transport across membranes.
2.4.7 Explain how vesicles are used to transport materials within a cell between the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and plasma membrane.
2.4.8 Describe how the fluidity of the membrane allows it to change shape, break and
re-form during endocytosis and exocytosis
2.1.1 Outline the cell theory.
2.1.2 Discuss the evidence for the cell theory.
2.1.3 State that unicellular organisms carry out all the functions of life.
2.1.4 Compare the relative sizes of molecules, cell membrane thickness, viruses, bacteria, organelles and cells, using the appropriate SI unit.
2.1.5 Calculate the linear magnification of drawings and the actual size of specimens in images of known magnification.
2.1.6 Explain the importance of the surface area to volume ratio as a factor limiting cell size.
2.1.7 State that multicellular organisms show emergent properties.
2.1.8 Explain that cells in multicellular organisms differentiate to carry out specialized functions by expressing some of their genes but not others.
2.1.9 State that stem cells retain the capacity to divide and have the ability to differentiate along different pathways.
2.2 Prokaryotic cells
2.2.1 Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as an example of a prokaryote.
2.2.2 Annotate the diagram from 2.2.1 with the functions of each named structure.
2.2.3 Identify structures from 2.2.1 in electron micrographs of E. coli.
2.2.4 State that prokaryotic cells divide by binary fission.
2.3 Eukaryotic cells
2.3.1 Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of a liver cell as an example of an
animal cell.
2.3.2 Annotate the diagram from 2.3.1 with the functions of each named structure.
2.3.3 Identify structures from 2.3.1 in electron micrographs of liver cells.
2.3.4 Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
2.3.5 State three differences between plant and animal cells.
2.3.6 Outline two roles of extracellular components.
2.4 Membranes
2.4.1 Draw and label a diagram to show the structure of membranes.
2.4.2 Explain how the hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties of phospholipids help
to maintain the structure of cell membranes.
2.4.3 List the functions of membrane proteins.
2.4.4 Define diffusion and osmosis.
2.4.5 Explain passive transport across membranes by simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
2.4.6 Explain the role of protein pumps and ATP in active transport across membranes.
2.4.7 Explain how vesicles are used to transport materials within a cell between the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and plasma membrane.
2.4.8 Describe how the fluidity of the membrane allows it to change shape, break and
re-form during endocytosis and exocytosis
Wednesday, February 12, 2014
Immunology Quiz on Friday 2/14
6.3 Immunology
6.3.1 Define pathogen.
6.3.2 Explain why antibiotics are effective against bacteria but not against viruses.
6.3.3 Outline the role of skin and mucous membranes in defence against pathogens.
6.3.4 Outline how phagocytic leucocytes ingest pathogens in the blood and in body tissues.
6.3.5 Distinguish between antigens and antibodies.
6.3.6 Explain antibody production.
6.3.7 Outline the effects of HIV on the immune system.
6.3.8 Discuss the cause, transmission and social implications of AIDS.
11.1 Defence against infectious disease
11.1.1 Describe the process of blood clotting.
11.1.2 Outline the principle of challenge and response, clonal selection and memory cells as the basis of immunity.
11.1.3 Define active and passive immunity.
11.1.4 Explain antibody production.
11.1.5 Describe the production of monoclonal antibodies and their use in diagnosis and in treatment.
11.1.6 Explain the principle of vaccination.
11.1.7 Discuss the benefits and dangers of vaccination.
This quiz will have some "objective" questions that are "right or wrong", but will be pretty open-ended so that you can tell me what you know. It will also be short (no longer than 30 minutes).
6.3.1 Define pathogen.
6.3.2 Explain why antibiotics are effective against bacteria but not against viruses.
6.3.3 Outline the role of skin and mucous membranes in defence against pathogens.
6.3.4 Outline how phagocytic leucocytes ingest pathogens in the blood and in body tissues.
6.3.5 Distinguish between antigens and antibodies.
6.3.6 Explain antibody production.
6.3.7 Outline the effects of HIV on the immune system.
6.3.8 Discuss the cause, transmission and social implications of AIDS.
11.1 Defence against infectious disease
11.1.1 Describe the process of blood clotting.
11.1.2 Outline the principle of challenge and response, clonal selection and memory cells as the basis of immunity.
11.1.3 Define active and passive immunity.
11.1.4 Explain antibody production.
11.1.5 Describe the production of monoclonal antibodies and their use in diagnosis and in treatment.
11.1.6 Explain the principle of vaccination.
11.1.7 Discuss the benefits and dangers of vaccination.
This quiz will have some "objective" questions that are "right or wrong", but will be pretty open-ended so that you can tell me what you know. It will also be short (no longer than 30 minutes).
Monday, February 10, 2014
2/10/14-2/20/14
Long time no see! Come prepared to take a short Biochemistry test on Wed 2/12.
- Wed 2/12: Short biochemistry quiz. Finish AIDS/Vaccination worksheet and go over. Immunology Quiz on Friday. Get Group IV Project Field Trip form signed right away! By Friday please!
- Fri 2/14: Turn in Antibiotic Lab. Immunology Quiz. Start Excretion/The Kidney. Start reading Chapter 44.
- Mon 2/17: President's Day. No School.
- Wed 2/19: Group IV Project. Check science classroom doors for your group and arrive at the appropriate room by 8:10 on Wed. You will be busy with this project all day! Be prepared to be an active team member.
- Thurs 2/20: This is the first scheduled day of the Teacher Strike. If things haven't been settled by then, please check this site for updates. We have several important topics that need to be completed before your IB Exam in May, so I will be posting suggested assignments to help you cover the material during the strike. I hope we are not out for long.
Tuesday, February 4, 2014
Antibiotic Internal Assessment, Due Friday, February 14, 2014
›
Lab Should Include:
Question
›Background
›Short
procedure
›Data
table (observations, uncertainty)
›Data
processing, calculations, tests, graphs?
›Conclusion
›Evaluation: at least 3 uncertainties/limitations and 3
suggested improvements to procedure
You will get points for Question, Background, and Short Procedure, but will not be assessed on IB criteria for these parts (Design). You WILL be IB assessed in Data and Data Processing and Conclusion and Evaluation.
Final Lab should be turned in as a hard copy and through turnitin.com
Monday, February 3, 2014
Review Topics for Biochemistry Quiz on Friday
3.1 Chemical elements and water
3.1.1 State that the most frequently occurring chemical elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
3.1.2 State that a variety of other elements are needed by living organisms, including sulfur, calcium, phosphorus, iron and sodium.
3.1.3 State one role for each of the elements mentioned in 3.1.2.
3.1.4 Draw and label a diagram showing the structure of water molecules to show their polarity and hydrogen bond formation.
3.1.5 Outline the thermal, cohesive and solvent properties of water.
3.1.6 Explain the relationship between the properties of water and its uses in living organisms as a coolant, medium for metabolic reactions and transport medium.
3.2 Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
3.2.1 Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds.
3.2.2 Identify amino acids, glucose, ribose and fatty acids from diagrams showing their structure.
3.2.3 List three examples each of monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.
3.2.4 State one function of glucose, lactose and glycogen in animals, and of fructose, sucrose and cellulose in plants.
3.2.5 Outline the role of condensation and hydrolysis in the relationships between monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides; between fatty acids, glycerol and triglycerides; and between amino acids and polypeptides.
3.2.6 State three functions of lipids.
3.2.7 Compare the use of carbohydrates and lipids in energy storage.
3.3 DNA structure
3.3.1 Outline DNA nucleotide structure in terms of sugar (deoxyribose), base and phosphate.
3.3.2 State the names of the four bases in DNA.
3.3.3 Outline how DNA nucleotides are linked together by covalent bonds into a single strand.
3.3.4 Explain how a DNA double helix is formed using complementary base pairing and hydrogen bonds.
3.3.5 Draw and label a simple diagram of the molecular structure of DNA.
3.1.1 State that the most frequently occurring chemical elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
3.1.2 State that a variety of other elements are needed by living organisms, including sulfur, calcium, phosphorus, iron and sodium.
3.1.3 State one role for each of the elements mentioned in 3.1.2.
3.1.4 Draw and label a diagram showing the structure of water molecules to show their polarity and hydrogen bond formation.
3.1.5 Outline the thermal, cohesive and solvent properties of water.
3.1.6 Explain the relationship between the properties of water and its uses in living organisms as a coolant, medium for metabolic reactions and transport medium.
3.2 Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
3.2.1 Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds.
3.2.2 Identify amino acids, glucose, ribose and fatty acids from diagrams showing their structure.
3.2.3 List three examples each of monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.
3.2.4 State one function of glucose, lactose and glycogen in animals, and of fructose, sucrose and cellulose in plants.
3.2.5 Outline the role of condensation and hydrolysis in the relationships between monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides; between fatty acids, glycerol and triglycerides; and between amino acids and polypeptides.
3.2.6 State three functions of lipids.
3.2.7 Compare the use of carbohydrates and lipids in energy storage.
3.3 DNA structure
3.3.1 Outline DNA nucleotide structure in terms of sugar (deoxyribose), base and phosphate.
3.3.2 State the names of the four bases in DNA.
3.3.3 Outline how DNA nucleotides are linked together by covalent bonds into a single strand.
3.3.4 Explain how a DNA double helix is formed using complementary base pairing and hydrogen bonds.
3.3.5 Draw and label a simple diagram of the molecular structure of DNA.
Sunday, February 2, 2014
Beginning of Second Semester
- Wed 1/29: Final Exams Back and Recollect. Start the Immune System. Barrier defenses and phagocytes. Hand out Antibiotic Lab. Read it for Friday and bring something to test for antibiotic properties. Start Reading Chapter 43.
- Fri 1/31: Using sterile technique, spread bacteria on petri plates and then place 4 disks on your plate: 1 plain (control), 2 disks of the item of your choice, and one prepared (either ampicillin or streptomyocin). Go over acquired immunity (B and T cells). Read more of chapter 43. Bring a prepared data table to record measurements of "zones of inhibition" for all the plates in your class on Monday. Lab report due Friday, February 14 in hard-copy form and through turnitin.com. See details in post up above.
- Mon 2/3: Measure zones of inhibition for your plate and all the others in your class. Be as consistent as you can and record any associated qualitative data (observations). If time, continue with acquired immunity. Quiz on Biochemistry and Properties of Water on Friday.
- Wed 2/5: Finish acquired immunity. Monoclonal antibodies. Passive and Active Immunity. Blood clotting. Computer simulation of making vaccinations. Worksheet on Vaccinations and HIV/AIDS. Read 43.3.
- Fri 2/7: Quiz on Properties of water and Biochemistry. HIV/AIDS. History, transmission, risk groups, treatment. Read 43.4.
Remember to clear Wednesday, February 19th for the Group IV Project if you are testing in IB Biology this Spring and you did not do the project already (a few of you may have done it for IB Chem or IB Physics last year. You know who you are!)
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