11.2 Movement Notes

After the Immunology Quiz on Friday, please do the following in your notes:  The IB book is helpful and also the video link on the sliding filament model.

1. Explain how bones and exoskeletons provide anchorage for muscles and act as levers.  (look at diagrams on p. 477).
2. Explain the concept of antagonistic muscle pairs and give an example with humans and with insects.
3. Examine the diagram of the human elbow joint on p. 478.  Then, list the structure and function of  a)  cartilage     b)  synovial fluid      c)  joint capsule
4. Distinguish between a hinge joint and a ball and socket joint, giving an example of each in humans.
5. What are the 3 types of muscles?  Why are skeletal muscles called striated?
6. Look at the diagram of a muscle fibre on p. 480 and attempt to draw it in your notes, labeling the important parts:  sarcolemma, nuclei, myofibrils, and sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
7. Draw a diagram of a sarcomere and label:  actin, myosin, z-line, light band, and dark band.  
8. Describe the process of muscle contraction (p. 482)
9. Now, list the steps of controlling a muscle contraction.  Start with signal from motor neuron to muscle fibre, then sarcoplasmic reticulum releases _________, and continue through the process listed in the diagram on p. 483.