What's on Muscle and Kidney Short Test on Wednesday 3/2?

• Concept of antagonistic muscle pairs (where are some?)
• Types of joints (hinge, ball-and-socket, pivot)
• Be able to label a human elbow joint (bones, muscles, ligaments, cartilage, etc) and know the functions of the parts
• Be able to label a muscle fibre and understand what makes them unique
• Be able to draw and label a sarcomere
• Describe the steps involved in a muscle contraction (role of ATP, calcium ions, troponin and tropomyosin, power stroke, cross-bridge, etc)
• Know the functions of the human kidney and be able to describe the Malpighian tubule system
• Draw and label a human kidney (6 parts)
• Be able to annotate a diagram of a nephron and glomerulus
• Be able to describe how the composition of blood in the renal artery is different from the blood in the renal vein
• Be able to describe how the ultrastructure of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule facilitate ultrafiltration (think about pressure, fenestrated capillaries, basement membrane composition, and podocytes)
• Outline what happens at the proximal convoluted tubule
• Outline what happens during the loop of Henle and understand its ultimate purpose (to maintain a salty--or hypertonic-- medulla!!!)
• Know that there is a positive correlation between the length of the loop of Henle and the need for water conservation in animals
• Understand how ADH controls reabsorption of water in the collecting duct
• Give examples of how the nitrogenous waste in animals is correlated with evolution and habitat
• Applications: consequences of dehydration and overhydration, treatment of kidney failure by hemodialysis or kidney transplant, blood cells, glucose, proteins, and drugs can all be detected in urinary tests