Enzyme Lab Details

We will be discussing the lab write-up this coming week (Wed, 4/10), but for those of you who want to get ahead, here is what you will be required to include in the Enzyme Lab (first draft due Tuesday, 4/16).  Final Draft due Wednesday 4/24 through turnitin.com

1. Focused Question (1 pt)
2. Background Information.  Should be relevant to your lab.  For example if you are changing pH, you should include background about pH and pH buffers.  Start with general information and get specific by the end.  2 paragraphs approximately.  (4 pts)
3. Variables (manipulated, responding, controlled--describe how you control at least 5 variables)  (3 pts)
4. Procedure/Methodology.  Most people include a materials list and many people include a diagram or photo of their set up.  Procedure can be written step by step or in paragraph form.  It needs to be specific and clear enough that another person could follow it.  You should include how you measured things, specific amounts, etc. (4 pts)
5. Data Table (neat, organized, labeled, includes uncertainty).   Observations need to be included as well.  Some students put in the same table, others put as notes under the data table, and some have a whole table just for observations)  (4 pts)
6. Data-Processing:  Calculate averages and uncertainties.  Where appropriate calculate rate.  Show work for 1 sample calc of each type.  (2 pts)
7. Graph:  good title, labels, units, uncertainty bars, line of best fit, annotation  (4 pts)
8. Conclusion:  Refer back to question, use data to back yourself up, discuss patterns, how uncertainty impacts results, refer to scientific context (what does science say should happen and why?)  (5 pts)
9. Evaluation:  Discuss strengths of your investigation.  Outline weaknesses (at least 3 good ones).  Many people present weaknesses/limitations in a chart.  Suggest realistic improvements to the procedure for each weakness/limitation.  Do NOT just say something like, we need more time.  You need to explain specifically what you would do differently to get better results.  (5 pts)
10. Communication:  Up to 3 points for clarity, spelling/grammar, and overall presentation.

Total Points:  35

April 2019

• Mon 4/1:  4 Levels of Protein Structure.  Basic Enzyme Notes.  Work on Enzyme Worksheet.  Due at the beginning of class on Wed 4/3.  Read 2.5.
• Wed 4/3:  Check off Enzyme Worksheet.  Introduce Enzyme Lab.  Groups will work with 3 protocols, determine which protocol they want to do, and determine which manipulated variable they will change.  Make sure you tell me which you will be doing before you go.
• Fri 4/5:  Data-taking day for the Enzyme Lab.   Carefully take enough data, clean up when you are done, and start processing data.  When everyone is done, we will discuss how to process the data and write a conclusion.
• Wed 4/10:  Discuss the Enzyme Lab.  Enzyme inhibitors.  Read 8.1.  First draft of Enzyme Lab due Tues 4/16 for Peer Review.
• Fri 4/12:  Finish up enzymes.  Introduce stem cells and do stem cell computer activity.  
• Tues 4/16:  First draft of Enzyme Lab due for color-marking (peer review).  Polymerase chain reaction.  Discuss gel electrophoresis.
• Thurs 4/18:  Micropipetting practice for the DNA Fingerprinting Lab.
• Mon 4/22:  Start DNA Fingerprinting.  While you are waiting, learn about Genetic Modification.
• Wed 4/24:  Part II of the DNA Fingerprinting Lab.  

Now Until Spring Break!

• Tues 3/5:  Structure of DNA and RNA.  Discovery of the double helix.  Work on 2.6 and 7.1 questions, to be checked off on Thursday.  Read 2.6 and 7.1 if not already.  
• Thurs 3/7:  Check off questions and go over.  Process of DNA replication.  Do simulation in groups and get it checked off.  Start Transcription.  Read 2.7.
• Mon 3/11:  Science Testing for Juniors.
• Wed 3/13:  Transcription to Translation.  The genetic code.  Read 7.2. and 7.3.
• Fri 3/15:  Review the whole process of translation.  Short video on Epigenetics.
• Tues 3/19:  Review of DNA Replication, Transcription, and Translation.
• Thur 3/21:  Replication, Transcription, and Translation Test.  Start Reading 2.5 on Enzymes and work on Enzyme Worksheet, which is due after break on Wed 4/3.

2.6 and 7.1 Work for After the Test on 3/1/19

When you finish the test on Friday (and/or for homework), please do the following questions in your notebook about material in Sections 2.6 and 7.1.  I will check them off on Thurs 3/7, but get them started now!

1. (Starting in 2.6) What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
2. Describe 3 differences between DNA and RNA.
3. Do the DBQ on Chargaff's rules on p. 107.
4. Draw and label a simplified diagram of DNA.
5. Outline the structure of DNA
6. (Moving to 7.1)  What were Hershey and Chase trying to determine in their experiment?
7. Outline the Hershey-Chase experiment, including the results.
8. Who was Rosalind Franklin and how did her work influence the discovery of DNA structure?
9. What  is the semi-conservative model of DNA replication?
10. What is a nucleosome and what is its role in DNA packing?
11. Do the DBQ on p. 349 (this one is tricky, but I will give some background on it in class)

Genetics Test Update

Due to the Snow Day on Wed 2/27, the Genetics Test has been moved to Fri 3/1.  Prepare yourself by learning about 2 single gene genetic disorders, review how to set up a dihybrid Punnett Grid and complete it, review how to do a chi-squared test, calculating expected values, plugging into the equation, and interpreting the results.  Much of this information is in 10.2 and can also be found in the Genetics Notes on-line.  We will start Sections 2.6 and 2.7 right away after the test because we will have to cover the next unit before Spring Break!

Information about the Genetics Test and Assignments for Monday 2/25

On Monday 2/25, we will be reviewing for the Genetics Test (including Kahoot!), checking off some assignments, and going over the genetics problems.  This is what I will check off:

1.  DBQ's from pp. 452-454.  On pp. 452-453, pretty much ignore the directions and do 2 things with the 2 sets of data that you get.  1)  Calculate the recombinant frequencies using the smaller numbers for recombinants and 2) Calculate the expected results if these genes were not linked.  For the DBQ on p 454, you can do it as instructed.  The contingency table is basically a chart showing the observed and expected numbers for all 4 phenotypes.
2. For the Card Lab:  1)  Your observed results for all 3 phenotypes  2)  Your expected results for the 3 phenotypes, showing work   3)  the Chi-squared calculation, showing work    4)  the critical value (see chart on p. 454)  and 5)  Your interpretation of the result

This is what will be on the Genetics Test on Wednesday 2/27.  There is a bit more on the Review Sheet in the documents section of this blog:

For the Test, Know how to:

1. Draw Punnett Grids to predict genotypes and phenotypes of monohybrid and dihybrid crosses
2. Apply Laws of Probability to predict genotypes and phenotypes of crosses
3. Analyze a Pedigree to determine genotypes of a family and to determine whether a family trait is dominant, recessive, autosomal, or X-linked
4. Do problems involving the ABO blood groups in humans
5. Make predictions involving sex-linked traits
6. Calculate chi-squared results and determine whether hypothesis should be accepted (you will be given equation and chart for determining significance)
7. Identify which of the offspring are recombinants in a dihybrid cross involving linked genes and calculate recombinant frequencies
8. Explain the genetic causes, symptoms, and potential treatments and interesting facts for 2 single-gene disorders.  Some examples include sickle cell anemia, Huntington’s disorder, cystic fibrosis, maple syrup urine disease, galactosemia, phenylketonuria (PKU), and many more!

Mid-February

• Tuesday 2/12:  Questions on Harder Genetics Problems so far?  Pedigrees.  Sex-linked Disorders.  Hand out Pedigree worksheet and complete it.  Continue working on Harder Genetics Problems, now both sides.  Problems should be done on separate paper, showing work, and are due Tues 2/19.
• Thurs 2/14:  Genetic mutation and disorders.  Polygenic inheritance.  Research a genetic disorder.  Work on genetics problems.  Get Pedigree worksheet checked off.  Read 10.2.
• Tues 2/19:  Turn in genetics problems.  Linked genes and gene mapping.  DBQ's.  
• Thurs 2/21:  Chi-squared test.  Card simulation for chi-squared test.
• Mon 2/25:  Review for Genetics Test.
• Wed 2/27:  Genetics Test.  Start DNA Transcription.  Read 2.7 and 7.1.